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Abstract

Health technology assessment often aims to balance evidence across multiple treatments and outcomes and assess treatment benefit-harm profiles. Multivariate network meta-analysis (mvNMA) is well suited to this task, as it synthesizes evidence across treatments and outcomes. However, the potential of mvNMA has been overlooked, leading decision-makers to rely on outcome-specific NMAs that ignore outcome correlations. Based on independent NMA models, previous work proposed methods such as multivariate P-scores or spie charts to assess treatment benefit-harm profiles by yielding across-outcomes treatment hierarchies. In this article, we propose an mvNMA-based framework for assessing treatment benefit-harm profiles. Our framework uses a hybrid-correlation mvNMA model and incorporates DuMouchel priors for treatment effects, enabling estimation of all treatment effects even when outcomes are missing for some treatments. We then extend common NMA ranking metrics, including SUCRA, the probability of being best, and median ranks, to the mvNMA setting. Based on these metrics, we adapt the VIKOR algorithm for mvNMA. This deterministic multicriteria decision method quantifies overall and worst-case treatment performance and, by balancing these aspects, produces an across-outcomes ranking while identifying treatments offering the optimal compromise between these two aspects. To facilitate use of our framework, we developed the R package mvnma. We applied our framework to two clinical datasets: one comparing eleven physical therapy treatments across two outcomes and another comparing nine antidepressants across five outcomes. Our framework provides an alternative strategy for assessing treatment benefit-harm profiles across multiple outcomes and encourages multivariate approaches in applied clinical and policy settings.

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